GMO-Project Types

GMO would like to highlight some of the more common types of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects where Verified Emissions Reduction carbon credits are generated.

Some of the CDM projects include…

Afforestation/ Reforestation

Afforestation and reforestation projects are the planting or seeding of non-forested land.

Deforestation is responsible for between 15 and 20% of global carbon emissions and afforestation and reforestation projects are essential to the reduction of carbon emissions around photosynthesis and sequester or hold it within their growing biomass (trunk, branches, leaves and root systems.

Agricultural methane biogas

Methane released from manure management systems can be captured and used to produce clean energy through an anaerobic digester. These digesters are tight, oxygen-free containers which organic material such as animal manure and food scraps are fed into. Naturally occurring bacteria in the organic waste breaks it down to produce methane gas, commonly known as biogas. Using generators, this gas is converted into electricity, delivering two environmental benefits. Firstly, reducing the volume of methane released into the atmosphere, and secondly, reducing the requirement for electricity from fossil fuel powered plants.

Biomass fuel switch

Biomass is all living matter including plants, crops, trees and waste products from milling and

agricultural processes. Biomass can substitute fossil fuels – either in part or in full – to generate electricity, heat or both (known as co-generation). Harvested timber is considered a renewable source of biomass because the trees that are removed are replaced, resulting in no net loss in stored carbon dioxide (CO2). Using waste biomass for fuel can improve energy sustainability,

Coal mine methane

Coal mine methane (CMM) is released from coal and surrounding rock strata through mining

practices. Methane is an explosive gas which is hazardous to miners so is usually extracted and released into the atmosphere. However, methane is also a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) so preventing its release into the atmosphere presents an important opportunity to lower global emissions. Installing wells which extract CMM for capture and combustion prevents it from being vented into the atmosphere. During combustion, methane is converted into carbon dioxide which significantly reduces its global warming potential. In some instances, this waste gas is also captured and utilised to produce power and heat.

Geothermal energy

Geothermal energy originates from the radioactive decay of minerals within the Earth’s core and from solar energy absorbed at the planet’s surface. This heat can be used for: direct heating applications (such as heating buildings), generating electricity, or a combination of the both (also known as cogeneration).

Hydro power

Hydroelectric power, or hydropower, is electricity generated from the energy of moving water. The water is released into large turbines and the pressure makes the turbine blades rotate. The rotation moves a shaft connected to an electrical generator which converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy.

Landfill gas

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) which can be extracted from landfills through wells dug at intervals throughout the site. It is then piped for combustion and/or use for power generation. Combustion of methane converts the gas to carbon dioxide which has a significantly lower global warming potential than methane. To create power, generators are installed, converting the gas into power and heat. A landfill is a site for the disposal of a variety of waste materials including household, commercial, industrial and non-hazardous solid waste.

Public Transport

Public transport or car pooling is a fantastic way of saving the planet by having less cars taking the same journey every day thus reducing the amount of C02 emissions in the atmosphere and/or you can use public transport to keep your car off the road leading to reduced CO2 released into the atmosphere.

Solar Power

Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaic’s (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam.

Wind power

Wind power is an abundant energy resource which can be used to generate clean electricity through wind turbines. The wind flowing through the turbines spins large propeller-like rotor blades. The power generated by utility-scale turbines ranges from 100 kilowatts to as much as five megawatts. Grouped together into wind farms, turbines provide bulk power to the electrical grid which is then sent through transmission and distribution lines to homes and businesses.

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